Cruising for Clues: Tracking Arctic Invasive Species with eDNA

As Arctic waters warm due to climate change and human activity increases, the risk of invasive species entering this fragile ecosystem grows. A new study, led by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientists aboard the RV Kronprins Haakon, is pioneering the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to detect potential marine invaders before they become established.

Environmental DNA refers to genetic material left behind by organisms in water, allowing researchers to identify species without physically capturing them. By sampling water at key Arctic sites such as Svalbard and Jan Mayen, the team is able to detect traces of organisms not previously recorded in these areas. This technique offers a cost-effective and sensitive tool for early warning, enabling timely conservation action.

This cruise is part of the EcoBioSafe project, which aims to understand how Arctic biodiversity is responding to increased human pressure, including from tourism and shipping. The researchers emphasize the importance of monitoring these changes now, to protect native biodiversity and preserve ecosystem balance in the future.

Key Points for Policymakers:

eDNA offers an early detection method for invasive species, crucial for rapid response.
Increased Arctic shipping and tourism heighten the risk of non-native species introductions.
Strategic monitoring can inform regulations and environmental protection policies.